The BIG PROBLEM with Peak Oil, or rather Peak Energy, is that Fossil Fuels have a higher Energy Density than other non-Carbon sources of Energy. In other words, petroleum-derived fuels, Natural Gas and Coal burn more fiercely than Wind, Wave or Solar Power give us their flow. It is therefore essential to not only reduce our dependence on Carbon, but to reduce our use of Energy. This is a central reason why Energy and Fuel Quotas, or Rationing, with annual stepdown, are essential. Zero Carbon Britain propose that we need to reduce our use of Energy by 50%, whilst at the same time increasing our use of Renewable Sources of Energy to completely satisfy our needs. http://www.zerocarbonbritain.com At the moment, there are several "Cap-and-Something" policy proposals on the table around the world, but none of them address concretely how their schemes will finance the development of Renewable Energy, which is vital. This is part of my reply to the "Oxford set" of George Monbiot, Mark Lynas and Oliver Tickell, who are supporting Tickell's "Kyoto2" proposal :- =x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x= After some considerable thought regarding the range of Cap-and-Something overarching policy proposals being put forward at the current time (including Hansen's, Merkel's and Tickell's), my conclusions are that a Carbon Cap is not enough, that money cannot be used as a proxy for Carbon Control, that a de facto Carbon Cap is already in the arena with Peak Oil, and that all Capping schemes have the wrong focus. It is my assertion that any Carbon Control policy that does not deliberately and explicitly de-Carbonise the Economies and the Energy supply is bound to fail in its ultimate objectives, even if it has a measure of success at the start. This is because Carbon is so deeply embedded in all developed Economies, that it must be pulled out by the roots or it will continue to bring both Ecology and Economy to destruction by throttling. One of the problems with these Cap-and-Something schemes is that, although they start out with the best intentions, the premise of capping Carbon, at the point of designing an implementation plan, they end up proposing using a mechanism to effect this based on money. It then becomes a finance-driven operation, instead of a de-Carbonisation-driven operation. Non-Carbon sources of Energy are by their nature less Energy intensive and therefore we will have to accept lower Energy flow rates. This means that we must reduce our dependence on Energy, not only reduce our dependency on Carbon. If we do not explicitly regulate to ramp up Renewable sources of Energy, there will come a point where the Carbon Capping cannot be enforced, because there is no non-Carbon Energy capacity to replace it. It is true, that if we can somehow enforce a price on Carbon, the future projections are that the profit to be made from Carbon Energy will be zero, so that investment in Renewable Energy will look like a good wealth-creation option. However, it will be argued internationally, that even though Carbon Energy no longer has any profit-value, it is still necessary to support Economic function, and so Carbon will continue to be used, perhaps managed by some quangos. We desperately need to take the Carbon out of every part of the Economy, every part of manufacture, every part of agriculture, every part of construction, transport, heating, lighting, power... I think that if we rely on voluntarism to de-Carbonise, or trend-following after setting a Carbon Price by Cap or otherwise, we will not achieve the de-Carbonisation we need. Also, since there is already a de facto Carbon Cap in operation due to Peak Oil (in fact, Peak Energy), why should the suppliers of Fossil Fuels into the Economy be compensated for capping output ? Output is already being capped by Peak Energy... I know that the Energy Majors will be interested in Tickell's scheme, as a way of having a licence to continue clinging to the crag face kicking out dirt on the rest of us below. Tickell's proposal is a licence to continue pumping Carbon into the Economy. Yes, everyone has something invested in the profit-making ability of the Energy Majors, and so everyone has an interest in them surviving. However, the Law of Increasing Profit Margins mean that with such a licence to continue profiting from Carbon, while ramping up non-Carbon Energy investment, the poor will still be paying for the de-Carbonisation through their Energy bills. Why not just abandon such a complex scheme as Tickell's and go straight for the jugular ? It costs hard cash to develop Renewable Energy infrastructure and plant. The companies are unwilling to cut their profits in order to do that (they are obliged to carry on making as high a profit as they can to please their shareholders). The Governments will have to manage the financing or incentivising the development of Renewables. That means one of two options that impact Citizen Consumers : Green Energy Tax or higher bills. Yer pays yer money and yer takes yer choice. =x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x= |
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Just read the zerocarbon britain report
Well skimmed through a few sections tbh.
Reminded me of swiss cheese.
I did particularly like the bit on how energy becomes more expensive when supplies are low. So, for example, it's winter, wind has been calm for a few days and the usual patchy cloud. My understanding is that the electricity would be more expensive in the evening, just when people start to need the heating and get in from work for cooking, lighting etc. Making the time of unavoidable highest demand also the most expensive, the power companies must just be loving that one.
Call me cynical if you like, but i just don't see ideas like that catching on.
variable pricing of electricity
I think this is a very important aspect of energy generation going forward. It allows consumers to connect intelligent devices to the grid and consume electricity when it is cheap (eg. fridges) and potetentially supply electricity to the grid when it is expensive (domestic CHP). I think it will 'catch on' but consumers can decide to opt in, in the same way as people decide to opt in to water metering to save money. We need to make use of low carbon energy generation when it is available.
Government's consultation on renewables
Jo, financial incentives for renewable electricity and renewable heat are addressed head on in the current consulatation. For elec, take a look at
http://renewableconsultation.berr.gov.uk/consultation/chapter-3a/executi...
The Renewable Obligation is the key driver.
By the way I couldn't work out what you meant by 'energy intensive' or 'energy flow rates'. I think some countries may choose to be concerned about overall energy use especially if it is all imported but the global issue is simply carbon.
Energy Flow Rates
@JohnAckers
I don't want to get too technical on you, but try to get your head round this pictorial example : for every litre of diesel you burn, you get more energy out than capturing a litre of moving water in a wave turbine to make electricity. In other words, a machine of the same size driven using Fossil Fuels gives more energy over a period of time than using wind or wave flow.
Another way of looking at it is that you have to wait a longer time to capture or create the same amount of Energy.
Imagine coal. I take a lump of coal out of the ground about one metre under where my house is, and I burn it. I get more energy flow out of that than waiting five years to grow a small tree and then burn the log.
Burning oils, whether mineral or plant based release more energy over a given time than burning wood or straw. This is the only reason that cars can reach speeds over ten miles an hour. Otherwise they would crawl slowly along, more slowly than electric milkfloats, or an old dog with arthritis.
Fossil Fuels are taken from the ground virtually for free in terms of work input, and give very high amounts of Energy output when burned. This is the reason we all use them. It's easy Energy. But we have to move on, as we are facing Climate Change and Peak Oil/Gas/Coal.
It is possible to design the amount of Renewable Energy infrastructure that can deliver very reasonable amounts of Energy, as long as we can conquer storage problems to deal with variability of supply and variability of demand.
It will cost a lot to start with, and take a lot of Fossil Fuel energy to build it, but it will be durable, sustainable and the best way forward, and the feedstocks will be even cheaper than petroleum and Natural Gas. Wind carries no cost. Neither wave, nor sunrays.
I consider that a feed-in tariff system, (where small and large producers of Renewable Power would be compensated by fixed, known rates to feed into the National Grid) would be better at encouraging more Renewables of all sizes to be developed than the Renewables Obligation, but anything that works in ramping up Green Energy should be supported.